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Showing posts from May, 2020

Anatomy of Back Muscles

  The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups – superficial, intermediate and deep: Superficial  – associated with movements of the shoulder. Intermediate  – associated with movements of the thoracic cage. Deep  – associated with movements of the vertebral column. The deep muscles develop embryologically in the back, and are thus described as  intrinsic  muscles. The superficial and intermediate muscles do not develop in the back, and are classified as  extrinsic  muscles. This article is about the anatomy of the superficial back muscles – their attachments, innervations and functions. The superficial back muscles are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia. They originate from the vertebral column and attach to the bones of the shoulder – the clavicle, scapula and humerus. All these muscles are therefore associated with movements of the upper limb. The muscles in this group are the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae and the rhomboids. The trapezius
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Physiotherapy treatment for PIVD (Disc Bulge )

What is a P.I.V.D or prolapsed disc ? The term PIVD /prolapsed intervertebral disc means the protrusion or extrusion of the nucleus pulposus through a rent in the  annulus fibrosus . It has a four stages- Bulging - At this early stage, the disc is stretched and doesn't completely return to its normal shape when pressure is relieved. It retains a slight bulge at one side of the disc. Some of the inner disc fibres could be torn and the soft jelly ( nucleus pulposus ) is spiling outwards into the disc fibres but not out of the disc. Protrusion - At this stage, the bulge is very prominent and the soft jelly centre has spilled out to the inner edge of the outer fibres, barely held in by the remaining disc fibres. Extrusion - In the case of a herniated spinal disc, the soft jelly has completely spilled out of the disc and now protruding out of the disc fibres. Sequestration - Here some of the jelly material is breaking off away from the disc into the surrounding area. prolaps
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Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) & Physiotherapy

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in your shoulder joint .    After a period of worsening symptoms, frozen shoulder tends to get better, although full recovery may take up to 3 years. Physical therapy , with a focus on shoulder flexibility, is the primary treatment recommendation for frozen shoulder. Frozen shoulder most commonly affects people between the ages of 40 and 60, and occurs in women more often than men. In addition, people with diabetes are at an increased risk for developing frozen shoulder. Anatomy Your shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint made up of three bones: your upper arm bone (humerus), your shoulder blade (scapula), and your collarbone (clavicle). The head of the upper arm bone fits into a shallow socket in your shoulder blade. Strong connective tissue, called the shoulder capsule, surrounds the joint. To help your shoulder move more easily, synovial fluid lubricates the shoulder capsu
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Knee Pain Do's and Don’ts

You can do many things to help knee pain, whether it's due to a recent injury or arthritis you've had for years. Follow these 11 dos and don’ts to help your knees feel their best. Don’t rest too much . Too much rest can weaken your muscles, which can worsen joint pain. Find an exercise program that is safe for your knees and stick with it. If you're not sure which motions are safe or how much you can do, talk with your doctor or a physical therapist. Do exercise . Exercises strengthen the muscles that support your knee and increase flexibility. Weight training and stretching . some good choices include walking, swimming, water aerobics, stationary cycling, and elliptical machines.  Don’t risk a fal l. A painful or unstable knee can make a fall more likely, which can cause more knee damage. Curb your risk of falling by making sure your home is well lit, using handrails on staircases, and using a sturdy ladder or foot stool if you need to reach something from a hi
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