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Showing posts from July, 2023

Anatomy of Back Muscles

  The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups – superficial, intermediate and deep: Superficial  – associated with movements of the shoulder. Intermediate  – associated with movements of the thoracic cage. Deep  – associated with movements of the vertebral column. The deep muscles develop embryologically in the back, and are thus described as  intrinsic  muscles. The superficial and intermediate muscles do not develop in the back, and are classified as  extrinsic  muscles. This article is about the anatomy of the superficial back muscles – their attachments, innervations and functions. The superficial back muscles are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia. They originate from the vertebral column and attach to the bones of the shoulder – the clavicle, scapula and humerus. All these muscles are therefore associated with movements of the upper limb. The muscles in this group are the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae and the rhomboids. The trapezius
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Lumber spondylosis and Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy can be an essential part of managing lumbar spondylosis, a degenerative condition that affects the lower spine. Also known as lumbar osteoarthritis or degenerative disc disease, lumbar spondylosis involves the breakdown of the intervertebral discs and the development of bone spurs in the lumbar (lower) region of the spine. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the conservative treatment of lumbar spondylosis, aiming to alleviate pain, improve mobility, and enhance the overall quality of life. Here are some ways in which physiotherapy can be beneficial: 1. Pain management: Physiotherapists can use various techniques like heat or ice therapy, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) to reduce pain and inflammation in the affected area. 2. Exercise prescription: A tailored exercise program is crucial for improving the strength, flexibility, and stability of the muscles that support the lumbar spine. Strengthening the core mus
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Physiotherapy , A valuable treatment option for pregnancy-related back pain

  Physiotherapy can be a valuable treatment option for pregnancy-related back pain. It offers non-invasive, drug-free techniques that aim to alleviate pain, improve mobility, and enhance overall well-being. Here are some ways in which physiotherapy can help with pregnancy-related back pain: 1. Pain management: Physiotherapists can employ various techniques to reduce pain, such as manual therapy, soft tissue mobilization, and gentle stretching exercises. These techniques can help relieve muscle tension, reduce inflammation, and promote relaxation. 2. Posture correction : Pregnancy often alters a woman's center of gravity, which can lead to changes in posture and increased stress on the spine. Physiotherapists can assess your posture and provide guidance on proper alignment and body mechanics. They can teach you exercises and techniques to maintain good posture, which can alleviate back pain. 3. Strengthening exercises : Physiotherapy involves targeted exercises to strengthen the m
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osteoporosis in female

Osteoporosis is a significant health concern, particularly for women. It is a condition characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fractures. While osteoporosis can affect both genders, women are more prone to develop the condition due to various factors, including hormonal changes, age, and lifestyle choices. 1. Hormonal Factors: One of the primary reasons why women are more susceptible to osteoporosis is the decline in estrogen levels that occurs during menopause. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density by inhibiting bone resorption (breakdown) and promoting bone formation. As estrogen levels decline, bone loss accelerates, making postmenopausal women particularly vulnerable to osteoporosis. 2. Age: Age-related bone loss affects both women and men. However, women generally have lower peak bone mass than men, and they tend to live longer, which means they experience a longer period of bo
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TYPES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS

  Skeletal muscles are the voluntary and striated muscles. These skeletal muscles are responsible for the activities or movements around a particular joint. These skeletal muscles are not having the same structure and function.  There are three types of skeletal muscles (Table 2.1). a. Type I fibers b. Type IIa fibers c. Type IIb fibers. Type I Fibers These fibers contain more number of the mitochondria, myoglobin and the blood capillaries. Because of the more number of myoglobin and blood vessels, the muscle fibers are red in color. It is having the capacity to generate the ATP from the aerobic system, so that it is called as oxidative fibers. It is innervated by the less number of nerve fibers. These muscle fibers are in small diameter and fatigue-resisted fibers. Slow Twitch—Fatigue-resisted—Red Colored—Oxidative Muscle Fibers Example: Postural muscles like neck and trunk muscles. Type IIa Fibers They contain more amounts of myoglobin, mitochondria and blood capillaries. But compar
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Exercise for heel pain

  Heel pain can be caused by various conditions, including plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, heel spurs, or stress fractures. While it's important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan, there are some general exercises that may help alleviate heel pain. Here are a few exercises that can be beneficial: Calf stretches: Stand facing a wall with one foot in front of the other. Keep the back leg straight and the heel on the ground. Bend the front knee and lean forward, feeling the stretch in the calf of the back leg. Hold for 30 seconds and repeat on the other side. Perform this stretch several times a day. Plantar fascia stretch : Sit on a chair and cross one foot over the opposite knee. Grab your toes and gently pull them back toward your shin until you feel a stretch in the arch of your foot. Hold for 30 seconds and repeat on the other side. Do this stretch multiple times a day. Towel curls : Sit on a chair with your feet fl
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