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Anatomy of Back Muscles

  The muscles of the back can be divided into three groups – superficial, intermediate and deep: Superficial  – associated with movements of the shoulder. Intermediate  – associated with movements of the thoracic cage. Deep  – associated with movements of the vertebral column. The deep muscles develop embryologically in the back, and are thus described as  intrinsic  muscles. The superficial and intermediate muscles do not develop in the back, and are classified as  extrinsic  muscles. This article is about the anatomy of the superficial back muscles – their attachments, innervations and functions. The superficial back muscles are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia. They originate from the vertebral column and attach to the bones of the shoulder – the clavicle, scapula and humerus. All these muscles are therefore associated with movements of the upper limb. The muscles in this group are the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae and the rhomboids. The trapezius
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Physiotherapy , A valuable treatment option for pregnancy-related back pain

 Physiotherapy can be a valuable treatment option for pregnancy-related back pain. It offers non-invasive, drug-free techniques that aim to alleviate pain, improve mobility, and enhance overall well-being. Here are some ways in which physiotherapy can help with pregnancy-related back pain:



1. Pain management: Physiotherapists can employ various techniques to reduce pain, such as manual therapy, soft tissue mobilization, and gentle stretching exercises. These techniques can help relieve muscle tension, reduce inflammation, and promote relaxation.


2. Posture correction: Pregnancy often alters a woman's center of gravity, which can lead to changes in posture and increased stress on the spine. Physiotherapists can assess your posture and provide guidance on proper alignment and body mechanics. They can teach you exercises and techniques to maintain good posture, which can alleviate back pain.


3. Strengthening exercises: Physiotherapy involves targeted exercises to strengthen the muscles that support the spine, such as the core, back, and pelvic floor muscles. Strengthening these muscles can provide stability and reduce strain on the back, leading to pain relief.


4. Stretching and flexibility exercises: Gentle stretching exercises can help improve flexibility, relieve muscle tension, and enhance joint mobility. A physiotherapist can recommend specific stretches that are safe and effective during pregnancy.


5. Pelvic floor rehabilitation: Pregnancy can weaken the pelvic floor muscles, leading to back pain and other issues. Physiotherapists can guide you through pelvic floor exercises to strengthen these muscles, reducing pain and improving overall pelvic stability.


6. Education and ergonomic advice: A physiotherapist can provide valuable education on proper body mechanics, ergonomics, and lifting techniques to prevent further strain on the back. They may also suggest modifications to your daily activities and postures that can alleviate back pain.


7. TENS and other modalities: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a common physiotherapy modality used for pain relief. It involves applying low-level electrical currents to the affected area, which can help reduce pain perception. Your physiotherapist may also use other modalities like heat or cold therapy, ultrasound, or acupuncture to manage pain.

How can a physiotherapist help during pregnancy?

A physiotherapist can assess physical health and identify any musculoskeletal or neuromuscular problems that could be aggravated by pregnancy. The physiotherapist should identify and recommend solutions to prevent any problem. Post assessment, they can recommend leg exercises to prevent varicose veins, abdominal contractions are taught to be practiced in various positions.

Some of the usual recommendations:

*Postural correction exercises are practiced from different positions; standing, sitting, lying and crook lying position.
*Lifting advice: It involves lifting from a height and carrying as well as lifting from the ground level.

The principles to follow when lifting are:

*Legs should be apart to increase the base of support.
*The object to be lifted must be held close to the body.
*When lifting from the ground, it is important to ensure that the weight is light enough to be lifted comfortably.
*When lifting from a height, it is important to hold the object close to the body and to make sure that the height is easily reached.

Remember, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a physiotherapist or an obstetrician, before starting any exercise or treatment program during pregnancy. They can assess your specific condition, provide personalized advice, and ensure the safety of both you and your baby.

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